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<section id="https-certificates">
<span id="ssl-certificate-verification"></span><h1>HTTPS Certificates<a class="headerlink" href="#https-certificates" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 1.3.</span></p>
</div>
<p>By default, pip will perform SSL certificate verification for network
connections it makes over HTTPS. These serve to prevent man-in-the-middle
attacks against package downloads.</p>
<section id="using-a-specific-certificate-store">
<h2>Using a specific certificate store<a class="headerlink" href="#using-a-specific-certificate-store" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--cert</span></code> option (and the corresponding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIP_CERT</span></code> environment variable)
allow users to specify a different certificate store/bundle for pip to use. It
is also possible to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CURL_CA_BUNDLE</span></code> environment
variables.</p>
</section>
<section id="using-system-certificate-stores">
<h2>Using system certificate stores<a class="headerlink" href="#using-system-certificate-stores" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 24.2.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Versions of pip prior to v24.2 did not use system certificates by default.
To use system certificates with pip v22.2 or later, you must opt-in using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--use-feature=truststore</span></code> CLI flag.</p>
</div>
<p>On Python 3.10 or later, by default
system certificates are used in addition to certifi to verify HTTPS connections.
This functionality is provided through the <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/truststore">truststore</a> package.</p>
<p>If you encounter a TLS/SSL error when using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">truststore</span></code> feature you should
open an issue on the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/sethmlarson/truststore/issues">truststore GitHub issue tracker</a> instead of pip’s issue
tracker. The maintainers of truststore will help diagnose and fix the issue.</p>
<p>To opt-out of using system certificates you can pass the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--use-deprecated=legacy-certs</span></code>
flag to pip.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>On Python 3.9 or earlier, only certifi is used to verify HTTPS connections as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">truststore</span></code> requires Python 3.10 or higher to function.</p>
<p>The system certificate store won’t be used in this case, so some situations like proxies
with their own certificates may not work. Upgrading to at least Python 3.10 or later is
the recommended method to resolve this issue.</p>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">HTTPS Certificates</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-a-specific-certificate-store">Using a specific certificate store</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-system-certificate-stores">Using system certificate stores</a></li>
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